She supported rational and ethical egoism as opposed to altruism. Rand advocated reason as the only means of acquiring knowledge she rejected faith and religion. Afterward, until her death in 1982, she turned to non-fiction to promote her philosophy, publishing her own periodicals and releasing several collections of essays.

In 1957, Rand published her best-selling work, the novel Atlas Shrugged. After two early novels that were initially unsuccessful and two Broadway plays, she achieved fame with her 1943 novel, The Fountainhead. Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the United States in 1926. She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism. Baker described the book's essays as 'shrill proclamations' that are 'more negative than positive, more destructive than constructive.' Rand bibliographer Mimi Reisel Gladstein said the book's topics 'seem dated', but 'as Rand's predictions about the negative results of some of the practices she rails against come about, one begins to appreciate the perceptiveness of her logic.Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum February 2, 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand ( / aɪ n/), was a Russian-born American writer and philosopher. In a survey of Rand's works, historian James T. The book received little attention from reviewers when it was first released. It was edited by Peter Schwartz and added a new introduction by Schwartz, as well as two essays by Rand ('Racism' was included in The Virtue of Selfishness, and 'Global Balkanization' was in The Voice of Reason) and three by Schwartz ('Gender Tribalism', 'The Philosophy of Privation', and 'Multicultural Nihilism'). In 1999, Rand's estate authorized publication of an expanded edition titled Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution. A revised edition, adding the essay 'The Age of Envy', appeared in 1975. The first edition of the book was published by New American Library in 1971, as a paperback under its Signet imprint. The inspiration for collecting these essays into a book came from a reader, who wrote Rand a letter complimenting several of the essays and suggesting she put them out as a book to counteract the influence of the New Left among college students. A revised edition appeared in 1975, and an expanded edition edited by Peter Schwartz was published in 1999 under the title Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution. Most of the essays originally appeared in The Objectivist.

The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution is a 1971 collection of essays by the philosopher Ayn Rand, in which the author argues that religion, the New Left, and similar forces are irrational and harmful.

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